A middle-aged woman tells the nurse that she has been experiencing irregular menses for the past six months. The nurse should assess the woman for other symptoms of:

Correct Answer: C 🗳️
Perimenopause refers to a period of time in which hormonal changes occur gradually, ovarian function diminishes, and menses become irregular. Perimenopause lasts approximately five years. Climacteric is a term applied to the period of life in which physiologic changes occur and result in cessation of a womans reproductive ability and lessened sexual activity in males. The term applies to both genders. Climacteric and menopause are interchangeable terms when used for females. Menopause is the period when permanent cessation of menses has occurred. Postmenopause refers to the period after the changes accompanying menopause are complete. Health Promotion and Maintenance

When obtaining a health history on a menopausal woman, which information should a nurse recognize as a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy?

Correct Answer: D 🗳️
Unexplained vaginal bleeding is a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. Family history of stroke is not a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. If the woman herself had a history of stroke or other blood-clotting events, hormone therapy could be contraindicated. Frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats can be relieved by hormone replacement therapy. Health Promotion and Maintenance

Which of the following statements, if made by the parents of a newborn, does not indicate a need for further teaching about cord care?

Correct Answer: D 🗳️
Parents should be taught to wash their hands before and after providing cord care. This prevents transferring pathogens to and from the cord. Folding the diaper below the cord exposes the cord to air and allows for drying.
It also prevents wet or soiled diapers from coming into contact with the cord. Current recommendations include cleaning the area around the cord 34 times a day with a cotton swab but do not include putting alcohol or other antimicrobials on the cord. It is normal for the cord to turn dark as it dries. Health Promotion and
Maintenance

The nurse is teaching parents of a newborn about feeding their infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A 🗳️
Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become superheated.
When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the temperature of the formula should be checked before giving it to the baby.
Refrigerated, partially used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours because the baby might have introduced some pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator does not destroy pathogens. Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate and one part water.
Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be transferred to the new formula. Health Promotion and Maintenance

The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teeth should the nurse expect to examine?

Correct Answer: C 🗳️
In general, children begin dentition around 6 months of age. During the first 2 years of life, a quick guide to the number of teeth a child should have is as follows:
Subtract the number 6 from the number of months in the age of the child. In this example, the child is 18 months old, so the formula is 18 6 = 12. An 18-month- old child should have approximately 12 teeth. Health Promotion and Maintenance

Which of the following physical findings indicates that an 11–12-month-old child is at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Correct Answer: B 🗳️
The nurse might be concerned about developmental dysplasia of the hip if an 1112-month-old child doesnt pull to a standing position. An infant who does not walk by 15 months of age should be evaluated. Children should start walking between 1115 months of age. Trendelenberg sign is related to weakness of the gluteus medius muscle, not hip dysplasia. Ortolani sign is used to identify congenital subluxation or dislocation of the hip in infants. Health Promotion and
Maintenance

When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following precautions?

Correct Answer: C 🗳️
Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis. Choice 1 is incorrect because hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern. Choice 2 is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a concentration no higher than
60 mEq/L.
Physiological Adaptation

Teaching about the need to avoid foods high in potassium is most important for which client?

Correct Answer: D 🗳️
Clients with renal disease are predisposed to hyperkalemia and should avoid foods high in potassium.
Choices 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect because clients receiving diuretics with ileostomy or with metabolic alkalosis are at risk for hypokalemia and should be encouraged to eat foods high in potassium. Physiological Adaptation

What do the following ABG values indicate: pH 7.38, PO2 78 mmHg, PCO2 36mmHg, and HCO3 24 mEq/L?

Correct Answer: B 🗳️
These ABG values are within normal limits. Choices 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect because the ABG values indicate none of these acid-base disturbances.
Physiological Adaptation

The major electrolytes in the extracellular fluid are:

Correct Answer: C 🗳️
Sodium and chloride are the major electrolytes in the extracellular fluid.Physiological Adaptation