I say D too.
B is a preventive control before ransomware attacks happen. The question here is asking how to limit the scope of damage if attack has happened. An emergency access account will prevent you from being locked out.
B is the answer.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/privileged-access-workstations/privileged-access-devices#device-roles-and-profiles
Privileged Access Workstation (PAW) – This is the highest security configuration designed for extremely sensitive roles that would have a significant or material impact on the organization if their account was compromised. The PAW configuration includes security controls and policies that restrict local administrative access and productivity tools to minimize the attack surface to only what is absolutely required for performing sensitive job tasks. This makes the PAW device difficult for attackers to compromise because it blocks the most common vector for phishing attacks: email and web browsing. To provide productivity to these users, separate accounts and workstations must be provided for productivity applications and web browsing. While inconvenient, this is a necessary control to protect users whose account could inflict damage to most or all resources in the organization.
B. Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs)
This recommendation will help mitigate the risks of ransomware attacks on privileged accounts without locking you out.
He said clearly " limit the scope of damage of ransomware attacks without being locked out", So the right one here should be D. Emergency Access Accounts".
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/tenant-management-emergency-access-account
I can see why some may confuse the 'break-glass' account to this question, but clearly asks to NOT be locked! Which means you've already had access to the environment, whatever that maybe. You don't need emergency account at that point.
ChatGPT: To limit the scope of damage of ransomware attacks without being locked out, you should recommend Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs).
Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs) are dedicated devices that are used to perform sensitive administrative tasks, such as configuring security settings and managing domain controllers. PAWs provide enhanced security by isolating administrative activities from regular user activities and by requiring multi-factor authentication and additional controls.
By using a PAW, administrators can perform sensitive tasks without exposing their credentials to the regular network or potentially malicious content, such as ransomware. This helps to limit the scope of damage of ransomware attacks while also maintaining access to critical systems. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
ChatGPT says this now:
D. Emergency access accounts
Emergency access accounts are crucial for limiting the scope of damage during ransomware attacks without being locked out. These accounts are highly privileged, but they are only used in case of emergencies, such as when normal administrative access is unavailable. This ensures that you can maintain access to critical systems while working to contain and recover from a ransomware attack, following Microsoft Security Best Practices.
Device compliance policies (A) primarily focus on ensuring that devices meet security standards, which is preventive but not directly applicable for emergency response to ransomware.
Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs) (B) are used to isolate administrative tasks, but they don't help directly in recovering from a ransomware attack.
Customer Lockbox (C) is a feature for control over data access but is not related to mitigating ransomware attacks.
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