A highly available Kubernetes cluster with an external etcd topology requires separate hosts for the Kubernetes control plane components and the etcd cluster. Here is the breakdown:
Kubernetes Control Plane Nodes: At least 3 hosts are recommended for the control plane components (kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler) to ensure high availability. This allows for redundancy and failover in case one or more control plane nodes go down.
etcd Cluster Nodes: At least 3 hosts are recommended for the etcd cluster to ensure high availability and data consistency. An odd number of etcd nodes is preferred to maintain quorum and avoid split-brain scenarios.
D. Six hosts. Three for control plane nodes and three for etcd nodes.
In a highly available Kubernetes cluster with an external etcd topology, you typically need three control plane nodes and three etcd nodes. This ensures redundancy and fault tolerance for both the control plane and the etcd database, providing high availability for the cluster.
You should therefore run a minimum of three stacked control plane nodes for an HA cluster
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/ha-topology/#:~:text=A%20minimum%20of%20three%20hosts,HA%20cluster%20with%20this%20topology.
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