I agree with 66dc178 each SA is unidirectional that equal one bidirectional communication in a nutshell answer is BD for me and IKE is completely bidirectional.
A. While it might seem that IPsec SAs are bidirectional because they facilitate two-way communication, technically, each SA is unidirectional. Two SAs (inbound and outbound) are used to achieve bidirectional communication.
C. IKE Phase 1 is responsible for setting up a secure, authenticated channel (the IKE SA) but does not establish the IPsec SAs themselves. Those are established in IKE Phase 2.
A & C are correct
IKE occurs over two phases. In the first phase, it negotiates security attributes and establishes shared secrets to form the bidirectional IKE SA. In the second phase, inbound and outbound IPsec SAs are established. The IKE SA secures the exchanges in the second phase. IKE also generates keying material, provides Perfect Forward Secrecy, and exchanges identities.
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