https://www.datamation.com/networks/circuit-level-gateways-definition-features-examples/
A circuit-level gateway is a type of firewall that operates on layer 5 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is the session layer. It’s the layer responsible for providing the mechanism of initiating, managing, and closing a communication session between end-user application processes.
A circuit-level firewall is also known as a transparent proxy firewall. A transparent proxy firewall does not modify the request or response beyond what is required for proxy authentication and identification.
An example of a transparent proxy firewall is SOCKS (SOCKS proxy), which operates at the Session layer and allows clients to securely connect to remote servers through an intermediary server.
SOCKS stands for "SOCKet Secure" and is a type of proxy protocol commonly used for routing network traffic through a firewall or proxy server. It allows clients to establish connections to servers via the intermediary server (proxy) without revealing their own IP addresses.
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