Networking devices operate in two planes; the data plane and the control plane. The control plane maintains Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding mechanisms using the CPU. The data plane forwards traffic flows
Really ? Well It doesn't process SSH or OSPF , it certainly doesn't facilitate STP elections, but forwarding remote client/server traffic ? It must be remote I guess and client/server ? So two peers can't have TCP/IP connection ? And what is remote ? Different subnet ? Not very bright people...
D. forwarding remote client/server traffic
The data plane, also known as the forwarding plane or user plane, is responsible for the actual forwarding and processing of network traffic. This includes forwarding user data packets between network devices. Option D, "forwarding remote client/server traffic," is the networking function that occurs on the data plane. It involves moving data packets from one interface to another based on their destination addresses, without involving decisions related to network management or control protocols.
The networking function that occurs on the data plane is forwarding remote client/server traffic.
The data plane is responsible for forwarding user traffic through the network, and it is implemented by forwarding devices such as switches and routers. The other options listed, such as processing inbound SSH management traffic, sending and receiving OSPF Hello packets, and facilitating spanning-tree elections, are functions that occur on the control plane, which is responsible for managing and configuring the network devices.
Ref: IP Routing on Cisco IOS, IOS XE, and IOS XR: An Essential Guide to Understanding and Implementing IP Routing Protocols
“Chapter 3
Planes of Operation
…
• The data plane: The data plane is the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the switching of packets through the router (that is, process switching and CEF switching). In the data plane, there could be features that could affect packet forwarding such as quality of service (QoS) and access control lists (ACLs).
…”
I am reading the question as "What network operation operates on the data plane(osi layer 2). STP is strictly a layer 2 protocol. So I would go with that since the other options are vague and D includes remote client/server forwarding, and those connections would be TCP which is layer 3. Crappy question, but STP is the only option that strictly adhears to layer 2, unless the question needs to be "interpreted" by aliens and "technically" means something no one would ever intent those words to mean.
Dont answer this questions with the osi layers, its not about that. Its about functions in the data plan vs control plane. Nothing to do with osi layers.
D is correct since traffic forwarding is in the data plane:
"The data plane is the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the switching of packets through the router (that is, process switching and CEF switching)."
Reference: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2272154&seqNum=3
A is incorrect since SSH management traffic is in the management plane:
"The management plane is used to manage a device through its connection to the network.
Examples of protocols processed in the management plane include Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Secure FTP, and Secure Shell (SSH)."
Reference: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2272154&seqNum=3
B is incorrect since OSPF is in the control plane:
"The control plane is the brain of the router. It consists of dynamic IP routing protocols (that is OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, and so on)"
Reference: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2272154&seqNum=3
C is incorrect since STP is in the control plane:
"Typically, STP, VTP, and routing protocols are used in the control plane to create routing tables, forwarding tables, and other tables."
Reference: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2928193&seqNum=3
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