To communicate between two different VLANs we need to use a Layer 3 device like router or Layer 3 switch -> B is correct.
VLANs don’t affect the number of collision domains, they are the same -> C is not correct. Typically, VLANs increase the number of broadcast domains.
We must use a different network (or sub-network) for each VLAN. For example we can use 192.168.1.0/24 for VLAN 1, 192.168.2.0/24 for VLAN 2 -> D is correct.
A switch maintains a separate bridging table for each VLAN so that it can send frame to ports on the same VLAN only. For example, if a PC in VLAN 2 sends a frame then the switch look-ups its bridging table and only sends frame out of its ports which belong to VLAN 2 (it also sends this frame on trunk ports) -> E is correct.
A new switch has no VLANs configured:
Cisco's documentation states that new switches typically have VLAN 1 configured by default but do not have user-defined VLANs until configured.
Cisco VLAN Configuration Guide
Connectivity between VLANs requires a Layer 3 device:
VLANs are isolated broadcast domains, and inter-VLAN routing requires a Layer 3 device (router or Layer 3 switch).
Cisco Inter-VLAN Routing
A switch maintains a separate bridging table for each VLAN:
Each VLAN on a switch has its own MAC address table, allowing it to manage traffic independently within each VLAN.
Cisco VLANs and Switching
D is ambiguous. What does 'separate address space mean? If it means each VLAN's address space is independant and irrelevant to other VLANs, that's correct. Actually you can use the same IP range from multiple VLANs. But if it means the IP address ranges have to be separate, not overlapping or identical, then it's wrong. VLAN is a layer2 thing. VLAN itself does not care about IP addresses. We use different IP ranges for different VLAN purely for management convenience.
We usually chose different IP ranges for differen VLANs, because (1) we want to differenciate networks for management purpose; (2) we want them be routable to each other; (3) when we connect them to each other through a router, the subinterfaces must have different IP ranges.
However, this question has not given any application scenario or context; it's purely a question at the theory level. So, according to the definition and principle of the term 'VLAN', different VLANs definitely can contain identical or overlapping IP ranges. They are parallel universes.
It might help if you recall Router-on-a-stick/Inter-VLAN routing configuration. Creating VLANs alone will do nothing if you don't associate it with an address space and encapsulate using the "dot1q" command.
This did not make sense to me either. I think it might be because each VLAN interface can be assigned an IP for management. Or because each vlan requires a layer three device to communicate via IP and would of necessity need it's "own" space even though you normally think of a VLAN being at layer 2.
I thought the same thing, by default VLAN 1 and 1002-1005 are there so I understood the word "configured" as in newly configured VLANs.. but then I remember this is a CISCO exam
Because you need either a router or a layer 3 switch for connectivity between VLANs
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