This is not quite correct. In RSTP the default cost of a 100Mbs Link is 200,000. This means that the cost of 19 would have to have been manually configured on the link.
Not on a Cisco switch. Cisco still uses the default settings as defined in 802.1D-1998, so you would have to manually configure the updated costs that you referred to. The cost of 19 for a 100Mbps port is indeed the default setting on a Cisco switch. I highly recommend getting the Official Certification Guide Vol. 1&2, I believe it is necessary to pass the exam.
First, Cisco default implementation of RSTP is RPVST+. Then, since there is a cost value to the Root Bridge, we can assume tha interface is a Root Port.
Tested in packet tracer:
By default, PVST+ is running and the exhibit says rstp is running. When combing the two modes we get Rapid PVST+
If the switch is the root bridge, then it would say "the bridge is the root" under the root ID section of the spanning tree output. Non-root bridges include an additional field (port field) which includes the root port.
Rapid PVST+ definition: This is a Cisco enhancement of RSTP that uses PVST+ and provides a separate instance of 802.1w per VLAN. Each separate instance supports PortFast, BPDU guard, BPDU filter, root guard, and loop guard. (Source: Netacad). Since there is no selection for RSTP then Rapid PVST + is the closest answer.
it is pvst (per vlan spanning tree) because the show command indicates that there is a STP per vlan (in this case, showing the STP of VLAN 30). And then it's rapid because it says that "Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp", So, in conclusion it's rapid pvst (the "+" is something about Cisco but you don't have to worry about it). Hope this explanation was clear to you!
@goldengodiva is right. Rapid STP or RSTP is IEEE standard & Rapid PVST+ is cisco proprietary so the answer does not match the question. There's a typo here
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