Exam 350-401 topic 1 question 61 discussion

Thinking it is A and B. Based off the reference link. Because the vswitch is software based, as broadcasts are received the vswitch must interrupt the server CPU to change contexts to enable the vswitch to process the packet. After the vswitch has determined that the packet is a broadcast, it copies the packet to all the VMNICs, which then pass the broadcast packet up the stack to process. This processing overhead can have a tangible effect on overall server performance if a single domain is hosting a large number of virtual machines

B, C It is asking what causes it not effect.

Answer A sounds more like a consequence of a broadcast packet

The two correct answers are: B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments. C. Virtual machines communicate primarily through broadcast mode. Explanation: When a hypervisor hosts many virtual machines on the same VLAN, the resulting Layer 2 domain can grow significantly, which naturally increases broadcast traffic (e.g., ARP, DHCP, etc.). By their very nature, key VM communications (like ARP for IP resolution) are broadcast-based, so with many VMs active, broadcast “radiation” can increase simply because each VM issues broadcasts onto the shared L2 network.

A & B A. because it takes time B. Because volume is high. Others are correct bu do no cause radiation

two reasons = B and C

B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments: Virtualized environments often have large Layer 2 broadcast domains. A single vSwitch can have many virtual machines connected to it, effectively creating a large broadcast domain. When a broadcast packet is sent, it must be processed by all VMs in that domain, increasing broadcast traffic. A. vSwitch must interrupt the server CPU to process the broadcast packet: When a broadcast packet arrives at a vSwitch, it must be processed. This typically involves interrupting the server's CPU to handle the packet, regardless of whether the destination VM needs the broadcast or not. This overhead contributes to what is sometimes referred to as "broadcast radiation" in the virtual environment.

Excessive Use of Layer 2 Broadcasts: Virtual environments often rely on virtual switches that mimic Layer 2 networking. If there are too many broadcast packets (e.g., ARP requests, DHCP broadcasts) being sent across the virtual network, they can overwhelm the network and lead to broadcast radiation. This is especially common in environments with large numbers of virtual machines or misconfigured networks. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Issues or Loops: If there are misconfigurations in the virtual networking layer, such as improperly configured Spanning Tree Protocol or network loops, broadcast traffic can multiply exponentially. This can result in a broadcast storm, where the network is flooded with broadcast frames, degrading performance across the virtual environment.

A & B are correct

Just based on text interpretation considerations: asking for cause, not side effect.

A & B are correct

B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments. In virtualized environments, especially in larger deployments, the Layer 2 domain (broadcast domain) can expand significantly due to multiple virtual machines residing on the same subnet or VLAN. This enlargement of the Layer 2 domain can increase broadcast traffic. C. Virtual machines communicate primarily through broadcast mode. In some cases, certain applications or protocols utilized within virtual machines might heavily rely on broadcast communication for tasks such as service discovery, network resolution, or client-server interaction. This reliance on broadcast-based communication contributes to broadcast traffic within the virtualized environment.

* from Google bard * The two reasons why broadcast radiation is caused in the virtual machine environment are: The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments. (B) Virtual machines communicate via broadcast too much. (C) Explanation: (B): Virtual machines can be easily created and destroyed, and they can be moved around between different physical hosts. This can lead to large Layer 2 domains, which is a major factor in broadcast radiation. (C): Virtual machines often communicate through broadcast packets, such as Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) broadcasts and DHCP requests. This can flood the network with broadcast traffic, leading to broadcast radiation.

The two reasons why broadcast radiation is caused in the virtual machine environment are: B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments: In a physical network, broadcast traffic is typically limited to a single LAN segment, which can be controlled through the use of routers or VLANs. However, in a virtual machine environment, multiple VMs can be connected to the same virtual switch, which creates a larger Layer 2 broadcast domain. C. Virtual machines communicate primarily through broadcast mode: In a traditional physical network, communication between devices typically occurs through unicast or multicast traffic. However, in a virtual machine environment, communication between VMs often relies on broadcast traffic, which can be less efficient and create more network traffic than necessary. This is due to the fact that virtual machines are often configured to use broadcast traffic for tasks such as address resolution or service discovery.

The question is asking for "reasons". Only B and C addresses that. Answer A is a "result" of broadcast radiation. D and E are just dead wrong.

The two possible reasons why broadcast radiation can occur in a virtual machine (VM) environment are: B. The Layer 2 domain can be large in virtual machine environments. D. Communication between vSwitch and network switch is broadcast based. Explanation :- B. In VM environments, the Layer 2 domain can be large, as multiple VMs may be connected to the same virtual switch. This can lead to broadcast radiation, as broadcast packets sent by one VM are replicated to all the other VMs on the same virtual switch. D.Communication between vSwitch and network switch is typically based on Ethernet frames, which use broadcast for certain types of traffic, such as ARP requests and DHCP broadcasts. This can lead to broadcast radiation in VM environments.

A is true, but it's not the cause of broadcast radiation. It is the effect. So, i think B and C