C. Rainbow tables
Explanation:
Rainbow tables are pre-computed tables containing hash values for common passwords. An attacker who intercepts a password hash and compares it against these pre-computed hashes is using a rainbow table attack. This method is faster than calculating the hash for each potential password in real-time.
Why the other answers are incorrect:
A. Password sniffing: Involves capturing passwords directly from network traffic but doesn't involve comparing hashes to pre-computed values.
B. Brute force attack: Involves trying every possible combination of characters to find a password, but it doesn't use pre-computed hashes.
D. Dictionary attack: Uses a list of potential passwords (a dictionary) but computes the hash of each password in real-time, rather than using pre-computed hashes.
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