This solution satisfies the needs in the most secure manner:
• An IAM role provides temporary credentials to the Lambda function to access AWS resources. The function does not have persistent credentials.
• The IAM policy grants least privilege access by specifying read access only to the specific S3 bucket needed. Access is not granted to all S3 buckets.
• If the Lambda function is compromised, the attacker would only gain access to the one specified S3 bucket. They would not receive broad access to resources.
The other options are less secure:
A. A bucket policy grants open access to a resource. It is a less granular way to provide access and grants more privilege than needed.
C. Embedding access keys in code is extremely insecure and against best practices. The keys provide full access and are at major risk of compromise if the code leaks.
D. Granting access to all S3 buckets provides far too much privilege if only one bucket needs access. It greatly expands the impact if compromised.
This is the most secure and recommended way to provide an AWS Lambda function with access to an S3 bucket. It involves creating an IAM role that the Lambda function assumes, and attaching an IAM policy to the role that grants the necessary permissions to read from the S3 bucket.
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