Exam AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner topic 1 question 171 discussion

A – Security groups control the traffic that is allowed to reach and leave the resources that it is associated with. AWS Shield is for DDoS protection. AWS Global Accelerator is for global reach. AWS Direct Connect is a cloud service that links your network directly to AWS to deliver consistent, low-latency performance.

Option A - Security Groups. Since it is talking about lease priveledge , it can be done by controlling the traffic

A. Security groups

A. Security groups. Security groups are stateful firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level. By defining rules in security groups, you can control the traffic to your Amazon EC2 instances based on protocols, ports, and source/destination IP addresses. Security groups follow the principle of least privilege, allowing you to restrict traffic only to what is necessary for the application.

A. Security groups "A security group acts as a virtual firewall for your EC2 instances to control incoming and outgoing traffic. Inbound rules control the incoming traffic to your instance, and outbound rules control the outgoing traffic from your instance. When you launch an instance, you can specify one or more security groups. If you don't specify a security group, Amazon EC2 uses the default security group for the VPC. You can add rules to each security group that allow traffic to or from its associated instances. You can modify the rules for a security group at any time. New and modified rules are automatically applied to all instances that are associated with the security group. When Amazon EC2 decides whether to allow traffic to reach an instance, it evaluates all of the rules from all of the security groups that are associated with the instance." https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-security-groups.html

Security groups are virtual firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level. They act as a first line of defense by allowing you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that are allowed to access your instances. By configuring security groups appropriately, you can restrict network traffic to only what is necessary for the applications to communicate with each other, following the principle of least privilege. Security groups provide granular control over traffic at the instance level and can be easily configured and managed through the AWS Management Console, CLI, or SDKs. You can define specific rules to allow or deny traffic based on various criteria such as IP addresses, port numbers, and protocols.

Keyword here is EC2 instance. Security Gateway acts as a firewall for EC2 instances

A is the answer.

Security groups act as a firewall at the INSTANCE level