Exam CFE - Law topic 1 question 13 discussion

Answer is D - A judge because in most civil law systems, criminal proceedings are typically conducted by a judge, who serves as the fact finder. Unlike common law systems, where a jury often decides the facts of a case, civil law systems generally rely on judges to determine both the facts and the law. In some civil law jurisdictions, there may be a panel of judges or a combination of judges and lay judges, but the role of the judge(s) is central to the fact-finding process.